FORM & SPACE

THE UNITY OF OPPOSITES:

To understand the spaces around us, your brain creates two opposite spaces; negative and positive. Positive to determine the main forms and the negative for the backgrounds. When both of these spaces are put together they generate the unity of opposites.

Diagrammatic example:

Example of the unity of opposite in a building environment:

The house is the positive space and the surrounding will be considered as the negative space.

DEFINING SPACES WITH HORIZONTAL ELEMENTS:

The horizontal lines in a space help to determine the vertical elements and visually strengthen the form between the space and the background.
There are two kind of horizontal elements, Base planes and Overhead planes. And the base plane has two sub-divisions, Elevated base plane and Depressed base planes.

 Diagrammatic example of overhead plane:

Example of the overhead plane in an interior environment:

the island top determines the volume between it and the floor. the island’s top would be the overhead plane here.

Photo credits: houzz.com

VERTICAL ELEMENTS DEFINING SPACE:

Visually vertical elements are more prominent then the horizontal elements in a space hence they aids in establishing the sense of space and volume.
There are 6 kinds:
-Vertical Liner elements
-Single Vertical Plane
-L-Shaped Planes
-Parallel Planes
-U-shaped Planes
-Closure

 Diagrammatic example of Single Vertical Plan:

Example of U-shaped planes in an interior environment:

Photo credits: pinterest.com

QUALITIES OF ARCHITECTURAL SPACE:

Qualities of architectural space are basically factors that effect the degree of enclosure, view (or outlook) and light in an enclosed space. These factors can be form, color, texture, pattern, sound, proportion and scale.

 Diagrammatic example:

Example of qualities of architectural space in an interior environment:

Photo credit: housebeauty.net

OPENINGS IN SPACE-DEFINING ELEMENTS:

visually we need opening for any interior spaces like windows, doors, etc. These openings help in the continuity between spaces and can aid in increasing openness of a space. there can be three kinds of openings; within Planes, at corners and between planes.

Diagrammatic example:

Example of openings in space-defining elements in an interior environment:

Photo credits: dreamhomedecoration.com

FORMS...

 Primary Solids:
2-D primary Shapes, such as square, rectangle, triangle and circle; can be expanded in a third direction or revolved on an axis to create 3-D forms called primary solids. These forms can have volume and they vivid.

Diagrammatic example:

Example of primary solids in a building environment: 

Photo Credits: Houzz.com

Dimensional Transformation:
There can be a transformation of a form by adjusting the one or more dimensions but still keeping true to the originality of the former shape.

Diagrammatic example:

Example of dimensional transformation in a building environment: 

Photo Credits: https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com

Subtractive Transformation:
When a section of a solid has been cut out or when another from can be created by subtracting  from its original form. 

Diagrammatic example:

Example of subtractive transformation in a building environment: 

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Additive Transformation:
A solid can be transformed by adding the same form or a total different shape. There are 5 kinds of additive formations:
-Centralizes Forms 
-Linear Forms 
-Radial Forms 
-Clustered Forms 
-Grid Forms

Diagrammatic example:

Example of additive transformation in a building environment: 

Photo Credits: http://www.notempire.com

Formal Collision of Geometry :
It occurs when two contrasting forms are combined together to generate a new volumes. There are 5 kinds of formal collision of geometry:
-Circle & Square
-Rotated Grid
-Articulation of Form
-Edges & Corners

 -Surfaces

Diagrammatic example:

Example of formal collisions of geometry  in a building environment: 

Photo Credits: https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com

Basics!! PRIMARY ELEMENTS.

 To understand or create spaces, one should always  go back to the basics. Primary Elements.

1. Point: to determine anything in space we need a it. As people say we always have to take a step froward to make anything happen; Point is the step here that we have to create so that the other elements of design can exist.

   Diagram of a point: 

                                      

Here is an example as to how points can be used in an building environment:

 Points can be used to create drama or bring emphasis to a certain building.

Photo Credits: www.ldschurchtemples.com

 2. Line: We see lines everywhere. Line is basically a group of points connected together. A line is one-dimensional form, as connecting the points creates length. In interior spaces we have varies lines as design elements.

Diagram of a line:

Here is a example of lines used in interior spaces:

 The repetition of lines through out the room has brought the space to together, design wise.

Photo Credit: Houzz.com

3. Plane: It is originated when a line changes it’s direction. This makes it a two dimensional form, as now it is dealing with length and width. 

Diagram of a plane:

Example of planes used in interior spaces: 

There are planes here that are imaginary and solid but of the same shape. The repetition is used as a design element for this space.

Photo Credit: Houzz.com

4.Volume: It is created when a plane extends in the third direction, depth. All the primary elements will be included in this  space.  And this space can be solid or void.

Diagram of a volume (cube):

Here is a example as to how volume can be present in interior spaces:

In this interior space, we can say everything has volume as all the objects are dealing with the three dimensions. But the most obvious one is the island as it is in a solid form.

 

Photo Credit: Houzz.com